Land-use and land-cover change affects both ecological and socioeconomic processes, motivating the integration of environmental and socioeconomic data to help understand this change. In this study, we propose a method for the characterisation and spatial analysis of land use and cover change in the Upper Uruguay River Basin (Brazil) based on (i) the characterisation of six LUCC processes—degradation, regeneration, intensification, extensification, silviculture expansion and urbanisation—by the combination of 2002 and 2008 land-use and land-cover classifications of Landsat/TM imagery and on (ii) the investigation of the relationships between the LUCC processes and environmental and socioeconomic variables via the combination of canonical correspondence analysis, linear and local spatial regression models (OLS and GWR) and spatial clustering procedures (SKATER), using environmental data, including geomorphometric data, landscape metrics and census socioeconomic statistics. The LUCC processes could be explained in terms of the associations between the selected physical, ecological and social variables that allowed the terrain, landscape fragmentation and socioeconomic characteristics to be related to various LUCC processes.